Amersfoort
L o a d i n g
Available DatasetsShowing 13 of 13 results
- Precipitation and surface water from ROVA1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- Air quality data from Meet je Stad sensor1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- A third effect of climate change on the urban environment is drought: long periods with no significant impact on precipitation. Urban vegetation (parks, trees), historically adapted to a temperate climate with an average monthly precipitation depth of 60 mm, suffers from these extended dry spells, leading to limited growth and increased vulnerability to pests or diseases. This has a negative effect on the city's livelihood. A government has various options for reducing the consequences of drought. water trees and parks or switch to other, more drought-resistant vegetation. Because these measures are expensive, the government wants an optimal strategy to combat droughts. There is a correlation between soil moisture available for vegetation and the city's water table. With this correlation established and quantified, the existing groundwater observation network can be used to characterize the vulnerability to drought for different areas within the city (e.g. vulnerable - moderate - robust). This information can serve as a basis for a drought mitigation plan and as a source of information for urban planning. As a first iteration a regression model is derived to estimate the soil moisture content based on observations of the groundwater level. ✘ The influence of drought on groundwater levels and soil moisture in urban areas is unknown ✘ It is not known what the best strategy is for the city to reduce the negative consequences of drought ✘ It is not known what the best strategy is for the city to reduce the negative consequences of drought A drought vulnerability map is made on the basis of groundwater and soil moisture measurements of the city. This map serves as an information product for urban planning. The static map based on historical measurements can provide insight into different parts of the city. A dynamic map where soil moisture availability for vegetation is estimated in real time based on recent measurements and the regression model can be used to determine if irrigation is required. ✔ Less expenditure for reducing the negative effects of drought in the city ✔ Be regarded as a leader in urban drought mitigation1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- In Amersfoort, one of the key challenges for the upcoming decades is to redesign the city in a climate-adaptive way. Due to climate change we will experience more extremes in terms of temperature, drought en precipitation. By implementing measures against water- and heat-related-issues and by measuring whether these measures work in the way they were intended, Amersfoort wants to build on what it is today: a comfortable city to live, work, visit and recreate. Within SCOREwater the municipality of Amersfoort will use data and technology within water management. Sensors will be deployed to gather data on temperature and on water-related indicators. The data coming from these sensors will be used in digital models to assess whether the city is and remains to be climate-resilient. SCOREwater is one of the projects in the program ‘Amersfoort Smart City’, in which we use data and technology to do our work more effectively and efficiently. # Focus on two geographical areas * *The Amersfoort Central Railway Station* is an area that is planned to change heavily in de upcoming years. One of the issues in this area is that predictions show high risks of flooding and of heat stress. Furthermore, it has proven to be difficult to store use water effectively and to use it to make the area greener, which is necessary to make the area more climate resilient. By deploying sensors and using digital models, we intend to gain more insight into how to effectively store, manage and use different types of water (specifically: ground water and precipitation) and to deal with heat in this area. This information will be used to assess the effectiveness of changes in the area and to include stakeholders in the development of a climate-resilient area. * *The neighbourhood of Schothorst* is a pilot area for testing climate adaptive measures. Currently, the area has problems with drainage causing a risk of flooding. Flooding is mostly an issue at times of heavy rainfall, which is expected to get worse in the future. Furthermore, extended periods of drought cause issues in the area. More effective use of infiltration methods and methods to retain water are necessary to make the area more climate resilient. By using sensors to measure what is happening and combining this information with the development of hydrological and ground water models we will gain a deeper understanding of whether the area is and will be climate resilient in the future. # Aim of this service The aim of the SCOREwater Flood Early Warning System is to create opportunities for the city to take preventive measures (e.g. warn citizens or fire brigade, design road blockades/detours) aimed at reducing the negative consequences of a precipitation event. Figure 1. *Example of notifying citizens of potential flooding in public space via "Slim Melden" (Dutch web application)* The service consists of a data-driven model trained with many combinations of precipitation (amounts and patterns) and resulting flooding (places where water remains on the street). Based on the precipitation forecasts, the data-driven model generates a forecast of possible flooding. When flooding can be expected, a warning can be sent to the customer. Interesting for municipalities, but it can also be useful for large utilities, landowners or other organizations. Figure 2. *Example of flooding near the Amersfoort railway station.* # Pain relievers ✘ Uncertainties in conversion from weather forecast to flood forecast (based on experience) ✘ Reactive response to flooding With the flood warning system, the available precipitation forecast and the hydrological sewer models are optimally used to automatically generate real-time insight into possible floods. By sending an alert, the city can take appropriate measures such as preventive maintenance, prepare measures and/or send warnings. Ultimately, the early warning system can reduce the damage and nuisance caused by flooding. We add value by combining detailed information from a hydrodynamic model precipitation forecast into a real-time service. # Gain creators ✔ The service uses model results to have more flood data than with measurements/observations. ✔ The service includes specific information such as sewerage and detailed information about the city in the flood forecasts ✔ It not only provides information about a worst-case situation, but is an up-to-date forecast.1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- about 2 years ago
- With this service, the apparent temperature (perceived temperature equivalent) is examined by people and heat stress. To determine the apparent temperature, several measurements must be taken in combination: air temperature, humidity, wind and solar radiation. The apparent temperature monitoring service calculates the apparent temperature based on the best available information from sensors. ✘ possible time series of sensors, but unknown what the data quality is ✘ takes time to gather knowledge from the available data This service gives urban planners direct insight into the wind chill in the city and makes it easy to share the information with colleagues, researchers and citizens. With the apparent temperature service, including data validation, gain insight into historical and real apparent temperature and the validated time series used to calculate the apparent temperature. This information helps urban planners (re)design climate-resilient public space, i.e. a public space that does not get too hot during hot days, which will become more common as climate change continues. The municipality can use the insight into wind chill at many different locations to compare locations and monitor measures taken. This will improve heat stress research and enable measures to reduce heat stress. ✔ use the best available information ✔ gain insight into possible measures to prevent heat stress in cities ✔ Easily share information1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- The city of Amersfoort wants to investigate apparent temperature (temperature equivalent perceived by humans) and heat stress. To determine apparent temperature, multiple measurements have to be combined: air temperature, humidity, wind and solar irradiance. The apparent temperature monitoring service will be calculating the apparent temperature based on the best available information from sensors. A relatively dense network of temperature and humidity sensors was installed and has been operated by a citizen initiative ‘Meet je Stad’ (Measure your City) since 2017. As these sensors have been hand built at costs as low as possible, the accuracy of the sensors is limited. In order to use the data for calculating apparent temperature, the time series have to be validated and corrected. # Data collection There is a harvester which periodically downloads meteorological information from the Measure your City website. This data is harmonized according to the FIWARE data model “Weather observed”. Variables collected are temperature (degrees Celsius), relative humidity (percentage) and, depending on the type of sensor, illuminance (Lux).1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- Neighbourhoods and districts for the City of Amersfoort (COA).1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- This dataset consist of two resources: * Overview of monitoring wells for City of Amersfoort * Groundwater levels per monitoring well within City of Amersfoort1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- # Introduction This dataset includes apparent temperature data from thermal walks organized by the City of Amersfoort (COA) to be able to evaluate how people perceive temperature at certain locations. The subjective opinions of the participants of the thermal walk are complemented by measurements from a sensor measuring air temperature, wind speed and humidity. # Method and approach Usually city designers use maps, calculations and models to find solutions for urban heat stress. In this project, we explored the use of a different method: thermal walks. Thermal walks focus on involving citizens by asking them how they perceive heat stress. As such, it tries to incorporate data on their experience of heat ‘in real life’. In Amersfoort we planned ten thermal walks for inhabitants in the summer of 2022. The city is, amongst others, designed for inhabitants, so our focus was to experience heat with inhabitants themselves. An additional benefit is that by doing so, awareness on heat stress and the negative effect it can have on health is enhanced. During the thermal walks, groups of participants walked through predesigned routes throughout the city. They were accompanied by one or more representatives from COA. During the walks, participants were asked to fill out short surveys on predefined locations. The surveys had to be filled in digitally, so a smartphone with internet was required. To lower barriers to participate citizens who did not have a smartphone available were provided with a model owned by COA. The walk focused on gathering data on subjective heat experience. Examples of questions that were included are: are the thermal conditions on this location pleasant for you? If not, would you prefer colder or warmer temperatures? And which circumstances on this location influence your thermal experience here? The guided walks followed three routes and started on three predefined locations: near the Central Railway area, in the neighborhood called Schothorst and in the city centre (see figure 1, 2, and 3.). There were five to seven stops during each route. At each stop the survey was filled out on two locations: one in the sun and one in a shadow spot. Besides the subjective heat stress, a sensor was used to measure objective heat stress. The sensor used was a JDC Skywatch BL 500. It includes measurements of wind, air pressure, UV index, humidity and temperature. The sensor connects via Bluetooth with a smartphone to read the measurements. In the app a route can be tracked, saved and published online. At each location a waiting time of one minute was used to allow the sensor and participants to acclimatize. Figure 1. *Thermal walk route 1* Figure 2. *Thermal walk route 2* Figure 3. *Thermal walk route 3*1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- Within the frame of the SCOREwater project, the City of Amersfoort commissioned Hoefakker to install Teneo soil moisture and climate monitor sensors at several locations in the Schothorst neighbourhood and the Central Railway area. The sensors measure soil moisture, temperature and humidity. Schothorst and the Central Railway area differ in groundwater levels. In Schothorst the groundwater levels are higher (average height: 0.7 meter to 1.0 meter below ground level) than in the Central Railway area (average height: lower than 1.6 meter below ground level). The lowest soil moisture sensors are placed on 1.2 meter below ground level. As a result, in the Schothorst area the sensors are located close to or in the groundwater during winter. In the Central Railway area they are located far above the groundwater level. This makes both areas interesting to include. What all soil moisture sensors have in common is that they are all located nearby trees and in public spaces. Locations differ in terms of: being in the sun or in the shade, being in a green setting (unpaved, such as parks) or being in a paved setting, and being near surface water or not. Because of the differences between the locations the sensors have been installed in, data from the sensors can be used to investigate questions such as: * What is the influence of the type of surface on soil moisture levels? * Does the nearby presence of surface water affect soil moisture? * What is the influence of heat on soil moisture? * What is the relation between groundwater levels fluctuance and soil moisture? * Are adjustments on in public spaces (on street level) helpful to improve the soil situation for a more climate adaptive city? # Contents of the data Data are being harmonized using FIWARE Smart Data Models. Data regarding soil moisture can be modelled using the GreenSpaceRecord model. The data in this dataset provide the following elements from this data model: * id - identifier of the sensors * recordingTimetamp - timestamp of the measurement * location - GPS location of the sensor, GeoJSON with WGS84/EPSG:4326 coordinate * soilMoistureVwc - percentage Volumetric Water Content of soil Meteorological data can be modelled using the WeatherObserved model. The data in this dataset provide the following elements from this data model: * id - identifier of the sensors * recordingTimetamp - timestamp of the measurement * location - GPS location of the sensor, GeoJSON with WGS84/EPSG:4326 coordinate * temperature - temperature in degrees Celsius * relativeHumidity - percentage relative humidity # Access the data Data are available using different API's: * Archives of the data are available as a CKAN resource for both * GreenSpaceRecord entities and WeatherObserved entities. Once a week, data from the live datasets is archived in this CKAN package which allows for a) previewing the data, b) a CSV download and c) CKAN datastore API access to the data. * The Orion ContextBroker allows you to access the current status of entities. Use the information provided by the Orion ContextBroker to compile requests for the Short Term History API. the ContextBroker provides information on which entities are present and what attributes those entities support. * The Short Term History API allows you to download historical data for the different sensors in both raw and aggregated form in either JSON or CSV format: * The OGC web services allows you to render maps of the sensors and to download historical data in different formats such as CSV, GML and shape file. *Teneo soil moisture sensors (branded as Smart City Trees by Hoefakker)*1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- # Introduction Soil moisture sensors were developed by citizen science collective Meet je Stad (Measure your City). Measure your City was started in 2015 by inhabitants of the City of Amersfoort, with the goal of measuring climate related indicators. To be able to do so, collaboration was sought with the City of Amersfoort (COA), the local Water Authority and the University of Applied Sciences of Amsterdam. For the first three years the initiative focused on measuring temperature and humidity. Importantly, citizens develop their own research questions, analyze the data together with professionals and discuss potential implications. By doing so, the collective uses citizen science to spread knowledge on both technology and climate change in the most grass-roots manner possible. # Soil moisture measurement Within Meet je Stad (Measure your City) soil moisture was measured in order to see how long periods of rain or drought affect the moisture status of the soil. Due to climate change, extended periods of drought and heavy rainfall are increasingly expected in the (near) future. The better the soil is capable of buffering these extremes, the less the negative effects will be on for example plant growth, or damage to buildings and infrastructure in the city. By investigating how moisture in different soils changes due to rainfall, drought and the type of plants growing on it, we hope to take more targeted measures for climate adaptation, such as enhancing the soil composition or choosing plants that are more drought-tolerant. The Meet je Stad soil moisture sensor can also be used to measure moisture on green roofs. Whereas the sensor installed in actual soil measures moisture levels at two depths, when installed on a green roof the sensor only measures moisture at one depth. # Data collection The data collected in the Amersfoort case is transmitted from the sensors to the online environment using two LoRaWAN gateways. Data is sent to this SCOREwater platform once every three hours. Once the data is available on the platform, the data will be harmonized using the FIWARE GreenSpaceRecord FIWARE model. This model contains a harmonized description of the conditions recorded on a particular area or point inside a greenspace (flower bed, garden, etc.), like soil temperature or soil moisture. The Measure your city soil moisture sensors measure soil moisture using conductivity.1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
- # Soil moisture Within Measure your City soil moisture was measured in order to see how long periods of rain or drought affect the moisture status of the soil. Due to climate change extended periods of drought and heavy rainfall are increasingly expected in the (near) future. The better the soil is capable of buffering these extremes, the less the negative effects will be on for example plant growth, or damage to buildings and infrastructure in the city. By investigating how moisture in different soils changes due to rainfall, drought and the type of plants growing on it, we hope to take more targeted measures for climate adaptation, such as enhancing the soil composition or choosing plants that are more drought-tolerant. Soil moisture sensors were developed by citizen science collective Meet je Stad (Measure your City). Measure your City was started in 2015 by inhabitants of the City of Amersfoort, with the goal of measuring climate related indicators. To be able to do so, collaboration was sought with the City of Amersfoort (COA), the local Water Authority and the University of Applied Sciences of Amsterdam. For the first three years the initiative focused on measuring temperature and humidity. Importantly, citizens develop their own research questions, analyze the data together with professionals and discuss potential implications. By doing so, the collective uses citizen science to spread knowledge on both technology and climate change in the most grass-roots manner possible. Within the SCOREwater project, Measure your City was asked to expand measurements with soil moisture measurements and additional temperature and humidity sensors. An important note here is that Measure your City develops their own sensors, has developed their own data platform and uses its own gateways purchased from the Things Network. As a result, much effort is put into constructing sensors that are reliable, low-maintenance and accurate. The latter is important for the City of Amersfoort as well, which intends to not only work on shared knowledge and understanding, but also use the data for policy making. To do so the data has to be reliable. By deploying both these sensors and purchasing company-built sensors, we can compare the data to assess how reliable the Measure your City sensors are. Figure 1. *Soil moisture sensor from Meet je Stad* # Data collection The data collected in the Amersfoort case is transmitted from the sensors to the online environment using two LoRaWAN gateways. Data is sent to this SCOREwater platform once every three hours. Once the data is available on the platform, the data will be harmonized using the FIWARE GreenSpaceRecord FIWARE model. This model contains a harmonized description of the conditions recorded on a particular area or point inside a greenspace (flower bed, garden, etc.), like soil temperature or soil moisture. The Measure your city soil moisture sensors measure soil moisture using conductivity. # About Meet je Stad (Measure your City) Measure your City is a citizen science initiative. The process of science does not take place at a university with buildings, professors and a rat race just to get something published, but simply with people like you. Anyone who is curious and wants to find out things will find a nice place at Measure your City. That can be anything: finding out how a certain sensor works, how to make a graph from measurement data, what the influence of climate is on... you name it.1Licence not specifiedabout 2 years ago
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