Human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions drive climate change. This dataset includes time series of emissions data by country using four measures that differ in scope and methodology: Climate Watch, PIK PRIMAP-hist, UNFCCC and GCP. The Paris Agreement requires participating countries to submit emission inventories that are based on activities within their territory. All the inventories on Climate Watch are based on this production-based accounting. This dataset is published via Climate Watch, a free online platform designed to empower policymakers, researchers, media and other stakeholders with the open climate data, visualizations and resources they need to gather insights on national and global progress on climate change.

To avoid the worst climate impacts, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must be slashed in half during the next decade and reach net-zero early in the second half of the century. Given this need, a growing number of Parties to the Paris Agreement are adopting net-zero emissions targets. This dataset contains the net-zero targets that have been communicated in a Party’s nationally determined contribution (NDC), long-term low GHG emissions development strategy (LTS), domestic law, policy, or high-level political pledge such as head of state commitment. The Paris Agreement requires participating countries to submit emission inventories that are based on activities within their territory. All the inventories on Climate Watch are based on this production-based accounting.

EDX is the Department of Energy (DOE)/Fossil Energy Carbon Management (FECM) virtual library and data laboratory built to find, connect, curate, use and re-use data to advance fossil energy and environmental R&D. Developed and maintained by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), EDX supports the entire life cycle of data by offering secure, private collaborative workspaces for ongoing research projects until they mature and become catalogued, curated, and published. EDX adheres to DOE Cyber policies as well as domestic and international standards for data curation and citation. This ensures data products pushed public via EDX are afforded a citation for proper accreditation and complies with journal publication requirements.

Data from the National Center for Eduction Statistics. Table 220.40: Fall 2010 first-time kindergartners' reading, mathematics, and science scale scores, by selected child, family, and school characteristics: Fall 2010, spring 2011, spring 2012, and spring 2013 SDG indicator 4.2.1 - Proportion of children under 5 years of age who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being, by sex. Source: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011). Internet Archive URL: https://web.archive.org/web/2017*/http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_220.40.asp?current=yes

A distributed archive of standardized geoscience spatial information and data for the nation. Developed by the USGS and State Geological Surveys.

The National Water Census is a USGS research program on national water availability and use that develops new water accounting tools and assesses water availability at the regional and national scales. Through the Water Census, USGS is integrating diverse research on water availability and use and enhancing the understanding of connection between water quality and water availability. Research is designed to build decision support capacity for water management agencies and other natural resource managers.

This dataset is a breakdown of land use change carbon emissions across various regions. It feeds into the Global Carbon Budget data. The data and model output provided are freely available and were furnished by individual scientists who encourage their use. Citation: Please cite the Global Carbon Budget 2022 (Friedlingstein et al., 2022b, ESSD) for all data. Acknowledgement: Please add the following text in the acknowledgement of your paper: “We acknowledge the Global Carbon Project, which is responsible for the Global Carbon Budget and we thank [relevant modelling groups] for producing and making available their model output.”

This API uses global NOAA GFS weather forecast and combines them with high-resolution HRRR forecasts. HRRR is a rapid-refresh model and updates every hour. High-resolution data are only available for the United States. For other locations, only GFS is used. For GFS, values are interpolated from 3-hourly to 1-hourly after 120 hours.

Open-Meteo Air Quality API forecast is based on the 11-kilometer CAMS European air quality forecast and the 40-kilometer CAMS global atmospheric composition forecasts. The European and global domains are not coupled and may show different forecasts.

The ensemble models are a type of weather forecasting technique that use multiple members or versions of a model to produce a range of possible outcomes for a given forecast. Each member is initialized with slightly different initial conditions and/or model parameters to account for uncertainties and variations in the atmosphere, resulting in a set of perturbed forecasts. By combining the perturbed forecasts, the ensemble model generates a probability distribution of possible outcomes, indicating not only the most likely forecast but also the range of possible outcomes and their likelihoods. This probabilistic approach provides more comprehensive and accurate forecast guidance, especially for high-impact weather events where uncertainties are high. Different national weather services calculate ensemble models, each with varying resolutions of weather variables and forecast time-range. For instance, the German weather service DWD's ICON model provides exceptionally high resolution for Europe but only forecasts up to 7 days. Meanwhile, the GFS model can forecast up to 35 days, albeit at a lower resolution of 50 km. The appropriate ensemble model to use would depend on the forecast horizon and region of interest.

The Historical Weather API is based on reanalysis datasets and uses a combination of weather station, aircraft, buoy, radar, and satellite observations to create a comprehensive record of past weather conditions. These datasets are able to fill in gaps by using mathematical models to estimate the values of various weather variables. As a result, reanalysis datasets are able to provide detailed historical weather information for locations that may not have had weather stations nearby, such as rural areas or the open ocean. The spatial resolution of a weather reanalysis dataset refers to the size of the grid cells used to represent the data. In the case of the reanalysis dataset described, the cells covering land have a resolution of 11 km, while those covering the ocean have a resolution of 25 km. For the region of Europe, the resolution is increased to 5 km, although this higher resolution is only available up until June 2021, with real-time updates expected to be available sometime in 2023. In general, a higher spatial resolution means that the data is more detailed and represents the weather conditions more accurately at smaller scales. The historic API takes the same parameters and gives the same response as the forecast API, but adds start_date and end_date

Open-Meteo weather forecast APIs use weather models from multiple national weather providers. For each location worldwide, the best models will be combined to provide the best possible forecast. Weather models cover different geographic areas at different resolutions and provide different weather variables. Depending on the model, data have been interpolated to hourly values or not all weather variables are available. The API endpoint /v1/forecast accepts a geographical coordinate, a list of weather variables and responds with a JSON hourly weather forecast for 7 days. Time always starts at 0:00 today and contains 168 hours.

The 2015 study represents the 14th iteration of the RECS program. First conducted in 1978, the Residential Energy Consumption Survey is a national sample survey that collects energy-related data for housing units occupied as a primary residence and the households that live in them. Data were collected from more than 5,600 households selected at random using a complex multistage, area-probability sample design. The sample represents 118.2 million U.S. households. The 1st version of the 2015 RECS microdata file, released in April 2017, reflected preliminary household characteristics data. The file was updated in October 2017 (Version 2) to include additional square footage and household energy insecurity data. The file was updated again in May 2018 (Version 3) and included final household characteristics data, as well as final consumption and expenditures data. The final version of the microdata file was updated in December 2018 (Version 4) and contains wood consumption variables, as well as additional weather and climate-related variables used in the end-use modeling process.

This 2009 version represents the 13th iteration of the RECS program. First conducted in 1978, the Residential Energy Consumption Survey is a national sample survey that collects energy-related data for housing units occupied as a primary residence and the households that live in them. Data were collected from 12,083 households selected at random using a complex multistage, area-probability sample design. The sample represents 113.6 million U.S. households, the Census Bureau's statistical estimate for all occupied housing units in 2009 derived from their American Community Survey (ACS).

U.S. National GridThis feature layer, utilizing data from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), displays the U.S. National Grid (USNG). The FGDC provides standards for a National Grid. Per the FGDC, "The objective of this standard is to create a more favorable environment for developing location-based services within the United States and to increase the interoperability of location services appliances with printed map products by establishing a nationally consistent grid reference system as the preferred grid for National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) applications.  This standard defines the US National Grid.  The U.S. National Grid is based on universally defined coordinate and grid systems and can, therefore, be easily extended for use world-wide as a universal grid reference system."Note: popups can be viewed for the USNG 1000m and USNG 100m layers.Note: the USNG 100m layer is only displayed for certain cities. To view those places, please select a row in the attribute table and then center (zoom) on selection.U.S. National Grid - Grid Zone DesignationsTop: 100,000-meter and 10,000-meter Square IdentificationsBottom: 1,000-meter and 100-meter Square IdentificationsData downloaded: October, 2011Data modifications: The Percent Complete field was removed from all layers. The following fields were added to the original data for layers:USNG 1000m - UTM ZoneUSNG 100m - Place; RegionFor more information:Standard for a U.S. National GridUnited States National GridHow to read a United States National Grid (USNG) spatial addressFor feedback, please contact: ArcGIScomNationalMaps@esri.comFederal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)Per the FGDC, "The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is an organized structure of Federal geospatial professionals and constituents that provide executive, managerial, and advisory direction and oversight for geospatial decisions and initiatives across the Federal government.  In accordance with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-16, the FGDC is chaired by the Secretary of the Interior with the Deputy Director for Management, OMB as Vice-Chair."

From the site: "Mine plants and operations for commodities monitored by the National Minerals Information Center of the USGS. Operations included are those considered active in 2003 and surveyed by the USGS."

U.S. National GridThis feature layer, utilizing data from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), displays the U.S. National Grid (USNG). The FGDC provides standards for a National Grid. Per the FGDC, "The objective of this standard is to create a more favorable environment for developing location-based services within the United States and to increase the interoperability of location services appliances with printed map products by establishing a nationally consistent grid reference system as the preferred grid for National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) applications.  This standard defines the US National Grid.  The U.S. National Grid is based on universally defined coordinate and grid systems and can, therefore, be easily extended for use world-wide as a universal grid reference system."Note: popups can be viewed for the USNG 1000m and USNG 100m layers.Note: the USNG 100m layer is only displayed for certain cities. To view those places, please select a row in the attribute table and then center (zoom) on selection.U.S. National Grid - Grid Zone DesignationsTop: 100,000-meter and 10,000-meter Square IdentificationsBottom: 1,000-meter and 100-meter Square IdentificationsData downloaded: October, 2011Data modifications: The Percent Complete field was removed from all layers. The following fields were added to the original data for layers:USNG 1000m - UTM ZoneUSNG 100m - Place; RegionFor more information:Standard for a U.S. National GridUnited States National GridHow to read a United States National Grid (USNG) spatial addressFor feedback, please contact: ArcGIScomNationalMaps@esri.comFederal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)Per the FGDC, "The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is an organized structure of Federal geospatial professionals and constituents that provide executive, managerial, and advisory direction and oversight for geospatial decisions and initiatives across the Federal government.  In accordance with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-16, the FGDC is chaired by the Secretary of the Interior with the Deputy Director for Management, OMB as Vice-Chair."

U.S. National GridThis feature layer, utilizing data from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), displays the U.S. National Grid (USNG). The FGDC provides standards for a National Grid. Per the FGDC, "The objective of this standard is to create a more favorable environment for developing location-based services within the United States and to increase the interoperability of location services appliances with printed map products by establishing a nationally consistent grid reference system as the preferred grid for National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) applications.  This standard defines the US National Grid.  The U.S. National Grid is based on universally defined coordinate and grid systems and can, therefore, be easily extended for use world-wide as a universal grid reference system."Note: popups can be viewed for the USNG 1000m and USNG 100m layers.Note: the USNG 100m layer is only displayed for certain cities. To view those places, please select a row in the attribute table and then center (zoom) on selection.U.S. National Grid - Grid Zone DesignationsTop: 100,000-meter and 10,000-meter Square IdentificationsBottom: 1,000-meter and 100-meter Square IdentificationsData downloaded: October, 2011Data modifications: The Percent Complete field was removed from all layers. The following fields were added to the original data for layers:USNG 1000m - UTM ZoneUSNG 100m - Place; RegionFor more information:Standard for a U.S. National GridUnited States National GridHow to read a United States National Grid (USNG) spatial addressFor feedback, please contact: ArcGIScomNationalMaps@esri.comFederal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)Per the FGDC, "The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is an organized structure of Federal geospatial professionals and constituents that provide executive, managerial, and advisory direction and oversight for geospatial decisions and initiatives across the Federal government.  In accordance with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-16, the FGDC is chaired by the Secretary of the Interior with the Deputy Director for Management, OMB as Vice-Chair."

U.S. National GridThis feature layer, utilizing data from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), displays the U.S. National Grid (USNG). The FGDC provides standards for a National Grid. Per the FGDC, "The objective of this standard is to create a more favorable environment for developing location-based services within the United States and to increase the interoperability of location services appliances with printed map products by establishing a nationally consistent grid reference system as the preferred grid for National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) applications.  This standard defines the US National Grid.  The U.S. National Grid is based on universally defined coordinate and grid systems and can, therefore, be easily extended for use world-wide as a universal grid reference system."Note: popups can be viewed for the USNG 1000m and USNG 100m layers.Note: the USNG 100m layer is only displayed for certain cities. To view those places, please select a row in the attribute table and then center (zoom) on selection.U.S. National Grid - Grid Zone DesignationsTop: 100,000-meter and 10,000-meter Square IdentificationsBottom: 1,000-meter and 100-meter Square IdentificationsData downloaded: October, 2011Data modifications: The Percent Complete field was removed from all layers. The following fields were added to the original data for layers:USNG 1000m - UTM ZoneUSNG 100m - Place; RegionFor more information:Standard for a U.S. National GridUnited States National GridHow to read a United States National Grid (USNG) spatial addressFor feedback, please contact: ArcGIScomNationalMaps@esri.comFederal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)Per the FGDC, "The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is an organized structure of Federal geospatial professionals and constituents that provide executive, managerial, and advisory direction and oversight for geospatial decisions and initiatives across the Federal government.  In accordance with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-16, the FGDC is chaired by the Secretary of the Interior with the Deputy Director for Management, OMB as Vice-Chair."

U.S. National GridThis feature layer, utilizing data from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), displays the U.S. National Grid (USNG). The FGDC provides standards for a National Grid. Per the FGDC, "The objective of this standard is to create a more favorable environment for developing location-based services within the United States and to increase the interoperability of location services appliances with printed map products by establishing a nationally consistent grid reference system as the preferred grid for National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) applications.  This standard defines the US National Grid.  The U.S. National Grid is based on universally defined coordinate and grid systems and can, therefore, be easily extended for use world-wide as a universal grid reference system."Note: popups can be viewed for the USNG 1000m and USNG 100m layers.Note: the USNG 100m layer is only displayed for certain cities. To view those places, please select a row in the attribute table and then center (zoom) on selection.U.S. National Grid - Grid Zone DesignationsTop: 100,000-meter and 10,000-meter Square IdentificationsBottom: 1,000-meter and 100-meter Square IdentificationsData downloaded: October, 2011Data modifications: The Percent Complete field was removed from all layers. The following fields were added to the original data for layers:USNG 1000m - UTM ZoneUSNG 100m - Place; RegionFor more information:Standard for a U.S. National GridUnited States National GridHow to read a United States National Grid (USNG) spatial addressFor feedback, please contact: ArcGIScomNationalMaps@esri.comFederal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)Per the FGDC, "The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is an organized structure of Federal geospatial professionals and constituents that provide executive, managerial, and advisory direction and oversight for geospatial decisions and initiatives across the Federal government.  In accordance with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-16, the FGDC is chaired by the Secretary of the Interior with the Deputy Director for Management, OMB as Vice-Chair."

U.S. National GridThis feature layer, utilizing data from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), displays the U.S. National Grid (USNG). The FGDC provides standards for a National Grid. Per the FGDC, "The objective of this standard is to create a more favorable environment for developing location-based services within the United States and to increase the interoperability of location services appliances with printed map products by establishing a nationally consistent grid reference system as the preferred grid for National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) applications.  This standard defines the US National Grid.  The U.S. National Grid is based on universally defined coordinate and grid systems and can, therefore, be easily extended for use world-wide as a universal grid reference system."Note: popups can be viewed for the USNG 1000m and USNG 100m layers.Note: the USNG 100m layer is only displayed for certain cities. To view those places, please select a row in the attribute table and then center (zoom) on selection.U.S. National Grid - Grid Zone DesignationsTop: 100,000-meter and 10,000-meter Square IdentificationsBottom: 1,000-meter and 100-meter Square IdentificationsData downloaded: October, 2011Data modifications: The Percent Complete field was removed from all layers. The following fields were added to the original data for layers:USNG 1000m - UTM ZoneUSNG 100m - Place; RegionFor more information:Standard for a U.S. National GridUnited States National GridHow to read a United States National Grid (USNG) spatial addressFor feedback, please contact: ArcGIScomNationalMaps@esri.comFederal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)Per the FGDC, "The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is an organized structure of Federal geospatial professionals and constituents that provide executive, managerial, and advisory direction and oversight for geospatial decisions and initiatives across the Federal government.  In accordance with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-16, the FGDC is chaired by the Secretary of the Interior with the Deputy Director for Management, OMB as Vice-Chair."