This data product summarizes the extent of adoption of herbicide-tolerant (HT), insect-resistant (Bt), and those with both traits ("stacked") genetically engineered (GE) crops in the United States. Data cover GE varieties of corn, cotton, and soybeans over the 2000-2013 period, for the U.S.

The agricultural baseline database provides longrun, 10-year projections from USDA's annual long-term projections report. The database covers projections for major field crops (corn, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, rice, soybeans, and upland cotton), and livestock (beef, pork, poultry and eggs, and dairy).

Alternative Biomass Production Study for Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in Morris, Minnesota The Tillage Study was established in 1997 to assess the effect of a variety of tillage intensities on soil C. The initial eight treatments included no-tillage, moldboard + disk tillage, chisel tillage, and fall and spring residue management, with or without strip-tillage and strip-tillage + subsoiling (Archer and Reicosky, 2009). In 2004, treatments were reduced to no-tillage, moldboard tillage, and fall and spring residue management without strip-tillage, but all had an early or late planting date. The last comprehensive set of soil samples were collected in 2006. In 2008, the strip-tilled subset of the Tillage Study plots were repurposed for the Alternative Biomass Production Systems study, which was designed to explore alternative strategies to support bioenergy including planting of cellulosic feedstock. The Alternative Biomass Production plots included perennials in an extended 6-year rotation, winter cereal rye cover crops in a corn-soybean rotation, and an alternative Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid forage system, all of which have and will continue to be monitored for agronomic and soil properties.

Last three years monthly average costs of shipping a metric ton (mt) of Braziian soybeans per 100 miles by truck. This is figure 5 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.

Carbon Crops Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network and Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in Morris, Minnesota The overall goal of the Carbon Crop study, established in 2000, was to assess strategies for increasing soil C sequestration including converting to no till systems and including perennial grasses (e.g., switchgrass and big bluestem) Overall, the goal of the study has remained constant, although individual treatments were changed after an incremental soil sampling, in response to new hypotheses and questions. Soil sampling is conducted as treatment changes are implemented. In 2012, two of the perennial grass systems (spring harvest of Switchgrass and Big Bluestem) were changed to corn/soybean rotations, beginning with a soybean entry point, to determine if the SOC accrued under the perennial system was lost by converting to a short annual rotation managed without tillage. The second change made was to compare the productivity between recent and traditional switchgrass cultivars. The final change was conversion of autumn harvest of Big Bluestem treatment replaced with an annual biomass crop – Sorghum-Sudan grass. Soil samples were taken to 1 m in 2000, 2006, 2011, and 2016. Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide fluxes from the soil were measured from June 2009 through March 2012.

Farming Systems Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network in Morris, Minnesota Tillage is decreasing globally due to recognized benefits of fuel savings and improved soil health in the absence of disturbance. However, a perceived inability to control weeds effectively and economically hinders no-till adoption in organic production systems in the Upper Midwest, USA. A strip-tillage (ST) strategy was explored as an intermediate approach to reducing fuel use and soil disturbance, and still controlling weeds. An 8-year comparison was made between two tillage approaches, one primarily using ST the other using a combination of conventional plow, disk and chisel tillage [conventional tillage (CT)]. Additionally, two rotation schemes were explored within each tillage system: a 2-year rotation (2y) of corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) with a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop; and a 4-year rotation (4y) of corn, soybean, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) underseeded with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and a second year of alfalfa. These treatments resulted in comparison of four main management systems CT-2y, CT-4y, ST-2y and ST-4y, which also were managed under fertilized and non-fertilized conditions. Yields, whole system productivity (evaluated with potential gross returns), and weed seed densities (first 4 years) were measured. Across years, yields of corn, soybean and wheat were greater by 34% or more under CT than ST but alfalfa yields were the same. Within tillage strategies, corn yields were the same in 2y and 4y rotations, but soybean yields, only under ST, were 29% lower in the fertilized 4y than 2 yr rotation. In the ST-4y system yields of corn and soybean were the same in fertilized and non-fertilized treatments. Over the entire rotation, system productivity was highest in the fertilized CT-2y system, but the same among fertilized ST-4y, and non-fertilized ST-2y, ST-4y, and CT-4y systems. Over the first 4 years, total weed seed density increased comparatively more under ST than CT, and was negatively correlated to corn yields in fertilized CT systems and soybean yields in the fertilized ST-2y system. These results indicated ST compromised productivity, in part due to insufficient weed control, but also due to reduced nutrient availability. ST and diverse rotations may yet be viable options given that overall productivity of fertilized ST-2y and CT-4y systems was within 70% of that in the fertilized CT-2y system. Closing the yield gap between ST and CT would benefit from future research focused on organic weed and nutrient management, particularly for corn.

This product summarizes fertilizer consumption in the United States by plant nutrient and major fertilizer products—as well as consumption of mixed fertilizers, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients—for 1960 through the latest year for which statistics are available. The share of planted crop acreage receiving fertilizer, and fertilizer applications per receiving acre (by nutrient), are presented for major producing States for corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat (data on nutrient consumption by crop start in 1964). Fertilizer farm prices and indices of wholesale fertilizer prices are also available.

Long-term tillage and cropping system experiment for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network and Nutrient Use and Outcome Network in Lincoln, Nebraska Lincoln NE Long-term Tillage Project Overview of NELITCSE: Long-term Tillage and Cropping System Experiment (Lincoln, NE) The objectives of this experiment is to evaluate the agronomic and environmental impacts of long-term tillage and crop rotation practices in a rainfed agroecosystem. This experiment was initiated in 1981 with continuous corn only under six tillage practices (chisel, tandem disk, moldboard plow, no-till, ridge-tillage, and subsoil tillage). In 1985, the experimental design was modified to include 3 crop rotation systems (continuous corn, corn-soybean, and continuous soybean) under 6 tillage practices. Each year, both the corn phase and soybean phase of the two-year rotation system are present. In 2015, all tillage practices were converted to no-till to evaluate the magnitude, direction, and rate of agronomic and soil changes to this management shift. In addition, the continuous soybean system was converted to continuous corn with a 3-species winter cover crop (hairy vetch, purple-topped radish, and cereal rye). Prepared 13 Sep 2016 (V. Jin)

Shows 2003 to present monthly average costs of shipping a metric ton of Brazilian soybeans per 100 miles by Historical truck. This is table 8 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.

Oilseed, oilmeal, and fats and oils supply and use statistics. Includes oilseed acreage, yield, and production estimates and farm and wholesale price series.

On-Farm Residue Removal Study for Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in Morris, Minnesota Interest in harvesting crop residues for energy has waxed and waned since the oil embargo of 1973. Since the at least the late 1990’s interest has been renewed due to concern of peak oil, highly volatile natural gas prices, replacing fossil fuel with renewable sources and a push for energy independence. The studies conducted on harvesting crop residues during the 1970’s and1980’s focused primarily on erosion risk and nutrient removal as a result early estimates of residue availability focused on erosion control (Perlack et al., 2005). More recently, the focus has expanded to also address harvest impacts on soil organic matter and other constraints (Wilhelm et al., 2007; Wilhelm et al., 2010). In West Central Minnesota, crop residues have been proposed a replacement for natural gas (Archer and Johnson, 2012) while nationally residues are also be considered for cellulosic ethanol production (US DOE, 2011). The objective of the on-farm study was to assess the impact of residue harvest on working farms with different management systems and soils. Indicators of erosion risk, soil organic matter, and crop productivity is response to grain plus cob, or grain plus stover compared to grain only harvest.

Note: Updates to this data product are discontinued. This data set provides farmgate and wholesale prices for select organic and conventional fruits and vegetables, wholesale prices for organic and conventional poultry (broilers) and eggs, as well as f.o.b. and spot prices for organic grain and feedstuffs. Prices are based on those reported by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service Market News, Organic Food Business News, and USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service.

The Price Discovery is a web based tool that allows users to view pricing information for the following crops covered by the Common Crop Insurance and the Area Risk Protection policies: barley, canola (including rapeseed), corn, cotton, grain sorghum, rice, soybeans, sunflowers, and wheat, and coverage prices, rates and actual ending values for the Livestock Risk Protection program, and expected and actual gross margin information for the Livestock Gross Margin program.

Compares the quarterly total landed costs (truck and ocean) of shipping Brazilian soybeans through the ports of Santos, Paranaguá, and Rio Grande to Hamburg, Germany, to the same period a year earlier. This is table 2 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.

Quarterly total landed costs (truck and ocean) of shipping Brazilian soybeans through the ports of Santarém and São Luís to Hamburg, Germany. This is table 6 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.

Quarterly total landed costs (truck and ocean) of shipping Brazilian soybeans through the ports of Santarém and São Luís Santos to Shanghai, China. This is table 5 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.

Quarterly total landed costs (truck and ocean) of shipping Brazilian soybeans through the ports of Santos, Paranaguá, and Rio Grande to Hamburg, Germany.

Quarterly total landed costs (truck and ocean) of shipping Brazilian soybeans through the ports of Santos, Paranaguá, and Rio Grande to Shanghai, China.

Compares the quarterly total landed costs (truck and ocean) of shipping Brazilian soybeans through the ports of Santos, Paranaguá, and Rio Grande to Shanghai, China, to the same period a year earlier. This is table 1 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.

Shows 2005 to present quarterly ocean freight rates per metric ton from the ports of Santos, Paranaguá, Rio Grande, Santarém, São Luís, and Barcarena to Shanghai, China, and Hamburg, Germany. This is table 9 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.

Quarterly total landed costs (truck and ocean) of shipping Brazilian soybeans through the ports of Santos, Paranaguá, and Rio Grande to Hamburg, Germany. This is table 4 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.

Quick Stats is the National Agricultural Statistics Service's (NASS) online, self-service tool to access complete results from the 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012 Censuses of Agriculture as well as the best source of NASS survey published estimates. The census collects data on all commodities produced on U.S. farms and ranches, as well as detailed information on expenses, income, and operator characteristics. The surveys that NASS conducts collect information on virtually every facet of U.S. agricultural production.

Quick Stats API is the programmatic interface to the National Agricultural Statistics Service's (NASS) online database containing results from the 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012 Censuses of Agriculture as well as the best source of NASS survey published estimates. The census collects data on all commodities produced on U.S. farms and ranches, as well as detailed information on expenses, income, and operator characteristics. The surveys that NASS conducts collect information on virtually every facet of U.S. agricultural production.

SMT Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network in St. Paul, Minnesota Carbon and Nitrogen Storage are Greater under Biennial Tillage in a Minnesota Corn-Soybean Rotation. Venterea, Rodney T., Baker, John M., Dolan, Michael S., Spokas, Kurt A., Soil Science Society of America Journal; Madison. http://search.proquest.com/assets/r20171.4.0.302.1590/core/spacer.gif70.... (Sep/Oct 2006): 1752-1762. Few studies have examined the impacts of rotational tillage regimes on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). We measured the C and N content of soils managed under corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation following 10 and 15 yr of treatments. A conventional tillage (CT) regime employing moldboard and chisel plowing in alternate years was compared with both continuous no-till (NT) and biennial tillage (BT), which employed chisel plowing before soybean only. While masses of C and N in the upper 0.3 m under both BT and NT were higher than CT, only the BT treatment differed from CT when the entire sampled depth (0.6 m) was considered. Decreased C inputs, as indicated by reduced grain yields, may have limited C storage in the NT system. Thus, while more C was apparently retained under NT per unit of C input, some tillage appears necessary in this climate and cropping system to maximize C storage. Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes under NT were greater than CT during a drier than normal year, suggesting that C storage may also be partly constrained under NT due to wetter conditions that promote increased soil respiration. Increased temperature sensitivity of soil respiration with increasing soil moisture was also observed. These findings indicate that long-term biennial chisel plowing for corn-soybean in the upper mid-west USA can enhance C storage, reduce tillage-related fuel costs, and maintain yields compared with more intensive annual tillage. Urea Decreases Nitrous Oxide Emissions Compared with Anhydrous Ammonia in a Minnesota Corn Cropping System. Venterea, Rodney T; Dolan, Michael S; Ochsner, Tyson E. http://search.proquest.com/assets/r20171.4.0.302.1590/core/spacer.gif. Soil Science Society of AmericanJournal; Madison http://search.proquest.com/assets/r20171.4.0.302.1590/core/spacer.gif74.... (Mar/Apr 2010): 407-418. Quantifying N2O emissions from corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields under different fertilizer regimes is essential to developing national inventories of greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to compare N2O emissions in plots managed for more than 15 yr under continuous corn (C/C) vs. a corn-soybean (C/S) rotation that were fertilized during the corn phase with either anhydrous NH 3 (AA) or urea (U). During three growing seasons, N2O emissions from corn following corn were nearly identical to corn following soybean. In both systems, however, N2O emissions with AA were twice the emissions with U. After accounting for N2O emissions during the soybean phase, it was estimated that a shift from C/S to C/C would result in an increase in annual emissions of 0.78 kg N ha-1 (equivalent to 0.11 Mg CO2-C ha-1) when AA was used, compared with only 0.21 kg N ha-1 (0.03 Mg CO2-C ha-1) with U. In light of trends toward increased use of U, these results suggest that fertilizer-induced soil N2O emissions may decline in the future, at least per unit of applied N, although further study is needed in different soils and cropping systems. While soil CO2 emissions were 20% higher under C/C, crop residue from the prior year did not affect soil inorganic N or dissolved organic C during the subsequent season. We also compared different flux-calculation schemes, including a new method for correcting chamber-induced errors, and found that selection of a calculation method altered N2O emissions estimates by as much as 35%.

The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) is an insect pest of cultivated soybeans (Glycine max). Several genes with resistance to A. glycines (i.e. Rag genes) have been identified in soybean. Virulent strains of soybean aphid are able to overcome the resistance and colonize soybeans having one or more Rag genes. It is important to classify virulent strains of soybean aphids in evaluating soybean lines in order to develop cultivars with durable resistance. The files presented here report the number of soybean aphids on soybean lines that differed in the Rag genes they contained. Two colonies of soybean aphid were tested. Materials and Methods Tests were conducted separately against the two soybean aphid colonies, which were maintained on soybean plants at North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory (NCARL), USDA-ARS, Brookings, South Dakota, USA, largely according to procedures described in Hesler and Tilmon (2018). The first colony was established from a single aphid collected near Volga, South Dakota, USA in 2016 and designated as ‘Volga16’ (Conzemius et al. 2019). It was reared on soybean cultivar ‘LD12R12-15805Ra’ (Rag1+Rag2 pyramid; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA). A second colony designated ‘Accrue’ was derived from a colony originally established from a single first instar isolated from aphids collected at Urbana, IL, USA, and initially reared in Urbana (‘Urbana clone’; Hill et al. 2004). This colony was established as an avirulent soybean aphid colony (Hill et al. 2004). A series of sequential colonies from the initial colony was established, in order, at The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA; and finally, in 2018 at NCARL. Although established as an ostensibly avirulent colony derived from the ‘Urbana clone’ colony, it was unexpectedly virulent against a known resistant accession, LD05R-16137 (containing Rag1), in initial screening tests. Two separate no-choice tests were run for each soybean aphid colony. Each test consisted of seven soybean lines. Six had one or more Rag genes: 19APH18 (Rag1), 19APH25 (Rag2), 19INC (Rag3), 19APH29 (Rag4), 19APH30 (Rag6), 19APH09Rag12 (a Rag1+Rag2 pyramid); and ‘Titan,’ an aphid-susceptible soybean cultivar (Diers et al. 1999). Two-week-old, unifoliate-stage soybean plants growing in plastic pots (6 cm top diameter, 4 cm bottom diameter, 5.7 cm height) were each infested with 10 apterous adult soybean aphids and covered with a clear plastic, ventilated, cylindrical tube. After 20 days in an environmental chamber, the shoots of test plants were clipped at soil level, placed individually in sealable plastic bags, and stored in a freezer. Plants were removed over the next few days, and the aphids on them were counted. The data are contained in separate files—one for each of two soybean aphid colonies.

TPAC Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network in West Lafayette, Indiana Recent efforts have attempted to establish emission estimates for greenhouse gases (GHG) from agricultural soils in the United States. This research project was conducted to assess the influence of cropping system management on non-carbon dioxide (non-CO2) GHG emissions from an eastern cornbelt alfisol. Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation plots were established, as were plots in continuous management of native grasses or Sorghum/Sudan grass. GHG fluxes were monitored throughout each growing season from 2004 through 2007. Fluxes of N2O were significantly correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.001), and thus a Q10 correction was made (3.48 for N2O). Nitrous oxide emissions from corn were lowest from the precision tillage treatment (2.4 kg N ha-1 yr-1), significantly lower than the conventional tillage (4.9 kg N ha-1 yr-1) or cover crop corn treatments (5.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Corn-soybean and biomass-based cropping systems resulted in significantly greater N2O emissions than native grasses. There was a positive correlation between N fertilization rate and N2O emissions when comparing all treatments in this study. These soils were typically a sink for atmospheric CH4 for these cropping systems, and thus N2O is the primary non-CO2 GHG of concern. When evaluating the entire cropping system, native grasses resulted in the lowest N2O emissions, while corn-soybean rotation planted with precision tillage resulted in similar N2O emissions as bare soil and were significantly lower than emissions from the other cropping systems assessed.

Quarterly costs of shipping a metric ton (mt) of soybeans per 100 miles by truck of 33 routes in 12 states, representing about 83 percent of Brazilian soybean production. This is table 7 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.

Compares monthly truck rates from north Mato Grosso and East Tocantins to the ports Itaituba, Porto Velho, Santarém, São Luís, Santos, and Paranaguá. This is figure 4 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report

Compares monthly truck rates from western center Paraná, north Mato Grosso, southwest Mato Grosso do Sul, and South Goiás to the port of Santos and Paranaguá. This is figure 3 of the Brazil Soybean Transportation report.