PNNL Flood Extent Pacific Northwest National Laboratory modeled flood extents based on the Missouri River using USGS observed gauges and APHS forecast gauges. Credit: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory National Risk Management Center, NPPD Sentinel 1 - RGB Composite Flood MapThe Alaska Satellite Facility developed a false color Red, Green, Blue (RGB) composite image of the Sentinel-1A/B Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument which assigns the co- and cross-polarization information to a channel in the RGB composite. When used to support a flooding event, areas in blue denotes water present at the time of the satellite overpass before or after the start of the flooding event.Usage: In this image, water appears in blue, vegetated areas in shades of green and urban areas in bright orange. It is recommended to use this product with ancillary information to derive flooded areas. Sensor: Synthetic Aperture Radar on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel 1 A/B satellite; 30 m resolutionCredits: Copernicus Sentinel data (2019), processed by ESA, Alaska Satellite Facility, and NASA Marshal Space Flight Center.Sentinel 1 - Water Extent MapUsing data collected from the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel - 1A/B satellites, scientists at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center ( MSFC) are able to create maps of the extent of water in the aftermath of the flooding in the Midwest United States. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) abroad Sentinel-1A/B allows for the detection of water on the surface when clouds are present as well as during the night time hours.Usage: This product shows three areas: known reference water (blue), anomalous water identified outside the known reference water areas (red), and water detected in known wetlands or barren land (tan). This product can be used to perform a change analysis due to the flooding.Sensor: Synthetic Aperture Radar on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel 1 A/B satellite; 30 m resolutionCredits: Copernicus Sentinel data (2019), processed by ESA, Alaska Satellite Facility, and NASA Marshal Space Flight Center.Sentinel 2 - Natural Color RGBThe Natural Color RB provides a false composite look at the surface. This RGB uses a shortwave, the near-infrared, and red channels from the instrument.Usage: Areas of water will appear blue, healthy green vegetation will appear as a bright green, urban areas in various shades of magenta, snow will appear as a bright blue/cyan, and bare soils being multicolor dependent on their makeup.Sensor: MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentienl-2A/B satellite; 20m resolution.Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA Copernicus.Sentinel 2 - Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mNDWI)Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI)provides a different view of the EArth's surface combining different bands to make water bodies more obvious. This index can be used to identify flooded areas as well as heavily saturated areas.Usage: Areas of existing water, such as rivers or lakes appear in the darkest green with high values near 1, while dry land appears in the darkest brown with low values near -1. This product can be used to identify potentially flooded areas that can be seen in varying shades of green and light brown depending on the amount of moisture picked up by the satellite.Sensor: MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/B satellite; 20m resolution.Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA CopernicusSentinel 2 - Water Extent Map Using data collected from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-2 satellite, scientist at NASA's Marshal Space Flight Center (MSFC) are able to create maps of the extent of water in the aftermath of the flooding the Central United StatesUsage: This product shows four areas: known reference water (blue), anomalous water identified outside the known reference water areas (red), and water detected in known wetlands or barren land (tan), and clouds (grat).Sensor: MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/B satellite; 20m resolution.Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA CopernicusLandsat 8 Natural Color RGBThe Natural Color RGB provides a false composite look at the surface. This RGB uses a shortwave, the near-infared, and red channels from the instruments. Usage:  Areas of water will appear blue, healthy green vegetation will appear as bright green, urban areas in various shades of magentas, clouds appear as white or bright blue, and bare soils being multicolor dependent on their makeup.Satellite:  Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI); 30m resolution.Sensor: LAndsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) - 30m.Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS.VIIRS 5 Day Composite Floodwater ExtentVisible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) - This product is created daily by the modeling group within the FEMA Geospatial Response Team using the Daily product. This composite flood extent saves the max water fraction percentages over a moving window of 5 days to improve obscuration due to cloud cover. Values are binary so the map output show red pixels where at least 40% of the pixel was covered with water during the five-day moving window.Satellite: NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite.Credits: NASA/NOAA

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