This dataset includes vehicle emission rates and test run data used to generate the figures and tables used in the manuscript. A data dictionary describes each parameter and provides their units. On-road tailpipe emission measurements were collected by EPA in 2015 to examine differing emission rates from light-duty trucks under towing and non-towing conditions, and to compare measured emission rates to MOVES modeled estimates. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kim, B., R. Jaikumar, R. Souza, M. Xu, J. Johnson, C. Fulper, J. Faircloth, M. Venugopal, C. Gu, T. Ramani, M. Aldridge, R. Baldauf, A. Fernandez, T. Long, R. Snow, C. Williams, R. Logan, and H. Vreeland. Emission Rates for Light-Duty Trucks Based on Towing Operations in Real-World Conditions. ATMOSPHERE. MDPI, Basel, SWITZERLAND, 0, (2025).