Implementation of agriculture conservation practices (ACPs) such as cover crops, crop rotation schemes, and tillage management tends to reduce peak flows and improves water quality, supporting agriculture ecosystem sustainability. This study utilizes indicators of ACPs, water quantity, and water quality to understand their trend and mutual influence, providing insights into the effectiveness of ACPs at the watershed level. The result suggested that ACPs have positively influenced watershed hydrology and water quality. Particularly, the significantly increased adoption of ACPs in the watershed resulted in reduction in frequency and intensity of flooding due to extreme events, supporting the need for increased implementation of ACPs in the future. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Srivastava, S., T. Roy, A. Basche, Y. Yuan, and E. Traylor. Evaluating the Impacts of Agriculture Conservation on Water Quantity and Quality Through Trend, Predictability, and Causality Analysis. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA, 62(4): e2025WR040751, (2026).