This dataset contains saturated fatty acid, ambient PM2.5 and RBC mitochondria data. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Shen, W., H. Chen, C. Shih , J. Samet, and H. Tong. Modulatory Effects of Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids on Platelet Mitochondrial Function Following Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter (PM2.5). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH - PART A: CURRENT ISSUES. Taylor & Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 187(5): 215-226, (2023).