This dataset provides the underlying data for Figure 1 of the report "Igniting the Market for Energy Conservation in the GCC Built Environment" (2026). It covers the GCC building sector baseline, including residential and tertiary CO₂ emissions, energy consumption, and population across six GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates) for the period 1990–2023. Data is sourced from Enerdata's Global Energy & CO₂ Database.