Data from whole transcriptome sequencing of the four European pine species - Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), P. mugo (Dwarf mountain pine), P. uliginosa (Mountain pine) and P. uncinata (Peat-bog pine). Those data include 1) transcriptome sequence of a reference Scots pine sample generated using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology and 2) information about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 samples collected across the European range, compared to the reference Scots pine sample. These genomic resources were produced to advance the study of the genetic basis of adaptive variation and speciation in pines.