The dataset contains results of analysis of soil cores taken from a commercial Miscanthus bioenergy plantation located near Lincolnshire. Measurements are provided for each soil core (and separated increments to a maximum depth of 1 m) including soil carbon, soil moisture, root, and stone volume and bulk density. Samples were taken prior to (2011) and after (2016) remedial tillage activities (conducted in 2013). The dataset also includes samples from a paired arable control field (sampled in 2011) and a paired un-tilled Miscanthus field (sampled in 2016). Data from 2011 covers surface soil (0-30 cm) and data for 2016 covers soil profile to a depth of 1 m in 10 cm increments.