In natural habitats, nutrient availability limits bacterial growth. We discovered that bacteria can overcome this limitation by acquiring nutrients by lysing neighboring cells through contact-dependent antagonism. Using single-cell live imaging and isotopic markers, we found that during starvation the type VI secretion system (T6SS) lysed neighboring cells and thus provided nutrients from lysing cells for growth. Genomic adaptations in antagonists, characterized by a reduced metabolic gene repertoire, and the previously unexplored distribution of the T6SS across bacterial taxa in natural environments suggest that bacterial antagonism may contribute to nutrient transfer within microbial communities in many ecosystems.
README.txt
Combined_input_images.zip
ZIPFig1.zip
Fig2.zip
Fig3.zip
figS10.zip
ZIPfigS11.zip
ZIPfigS12.zip
figS2.zip
figS3.zip
figS4.zip
ZIPfigS5.zip
figS6.zip
ZIPfigS7_S8_S9.zip
ZIPilastik_cell_area_results.zip
ilastik_cell_Vchol_area_glu_co_ko.zip
ilastik_cell_Vchol_area_glu_co_wt.zip
ZIPilastik_cell_Vchol_area_glu_mono_ko.zip
ilastik_cell_Vchol_area_glu_mono_wt.zip
ZIPilastik_cell_Vchol_area_mel_co_ko.zip
ZIPilastik_cell_Vchol_area_mel_co_wt.zip
ilastik_cell_Vchol_area_mel_mono_ko.zip
ilastik_cell_Vchol_area_mel_mono_wt.zip
ilastik_PixelQuantification_metadata.csv
CSVilastik_PixelQuantification_metadata.xlsx
XLSXMovies.zip
Raw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSdel_Glucose_E3-C4.zip
Raw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSdel_Melibiose_E3-C4_pos11-12.zip
Raw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSdel_Melibiose_E3-C4_pos13-14.zip
Raw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSdel_Melibiose_E3-C4_pos15-16.zip
Raw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSdel_Melibiose_E3-C4_pos9-10.zip
Raw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSplus_Glucose.zip
ZIPRaw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSplus_Mellibiose_E5-C2_phase1.zip
Raw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSplus_Mellibiose_E5-C2_phase2_pos1-3.zip
Raw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSplus_Mellibiose_E5-C2_phase2_pos4-7.zip
Raw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSplus_Mellibiose_E5-C4_phase1_cocultures.zip
ZIPRaw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSplus_Mellibiose_E5-C4_phase1_onlyKillers.zip
ZIPRaw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSplus_Mellibiose_E5-C4_phase2_cocult_pos11-12.zip
ZIPRaw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSplus_Mellibiose_E5-C4_phase2_cocult_pos15.zip
ZIPRaw_Ecol-Vcho_T6SSplus_Mellibiose_E5-C4_phase2_onlyKillers.zip
ZIPRaw_ImageAnalysis_metadata.xlsx
XLSXRaw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase1_R1_pos1-4.zip
ZIPRaw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase1_R1_pos5-7.zip
ZIPRaw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase1_R1_run2.zip
ZIPRaw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase1_R2.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase1_R2_run2-3.zip
ZIPRaw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase2_R1_pos1-3.zip
ZIPRaw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase2_R1_pos4-5.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase2_R1_pos6-7.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase2_R1_run2.zip
ZIPRaw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_2023_phase2_R2.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_Dec2022_run1.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_Dec2022_run2.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_Dec2022_run3.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_phase1.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_phase2_KillersOnly.zip
ZIPRaw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_phase2_pos13.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_phase2_pos14.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_phase2_pos2-8.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_Alginate_phase2_pos9-11.zip
ZIPRaw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_NAG_2023_phase1_R1.zip
Raw_Vcyc-Vord_T6SSplus_NAG_2023_phase1_R2.zip
TableS2.zip
ZIPTableS7_S8.zip
